Fragmented data
Landscape projects stay in CAD files, spreadsheets and paper; cities often do not know which tree stands in which park.
COP31 · Antalya 2026
A Climate Passport for every green space. A Green Adaptation Balance Sheet for every city.
YEKOS — the Urban Green Infrastructure and Climate Adaptation Operating System. It does more than record a city's green assets: it turns each one into a smart, object-based digital asset, brings it to life in every scenario and delivers decision support from one shared intelligence.
Smart, object-based asset
700+plants with local water demandKURAS module is live
- TransformEvery tree and park a smart digital object
- SimulateA digital twin in every scenario
- DecideRecommendations from one shared intelligence
- VerifyRe-measured in the field
The problem
We cannot manage urban green well, because we do not measure it.
Trees and green spaces cool streets, return rainwater to the soil and groundwater, and store carbon. Yet no system turns these nature-based solutions into data. The result: wasted water, plants lost too early and public money spent again and again.
Decisions by guesswork
Without data, irrigation, species choice and maintenance follow habit: wasted water and plants lost too early.
Benefits nobody can measure
The climate contribution of urban green is not measured with shared indicators, so it cannot be reported or targeted.
Heat
61,000+
Estimated heat-related deaths in Europe, summer 2022
WHO Europe, 2025
Water
50%+
of the world's population (≈4 billion people) face high water stress at least one month a year
1,301 m³In Türkiye: annual usable water per person, below the 1,700 m³ water-stress threshold
Water is limited: saving water in landscape irrigation is now essential.
WRI Aqueduct, 2023 · Türkiye Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, 2026 · Threshold: Falkenmark indicator
Species risk
76%
of urban tree and shrub species studied face heat risk by 2050
Esperon-Rodriguez et al., Nature Climate Change, 2022
Cooling
≈0.4 °C
Average urban cooling expected when tree cover reaches 30%
Iungman et al., The Lancet, 2023
The solution
YEKOS in 30 seconds
One shared intelligence: the YEKOS core
Cities struggle to become smart because their tools do not talk to each other. Like the operating system on our phones, YEKOS brings separate tools together in one core.
Smart, object-based assets: every tree, park and green corridor becomes a digital object with its species, size, water demand, carbon and history.
A living digital twin in every scenario: drought, heatwave or new planting: every asset is simulated under each scenario.
One shared intelligence: water, shade, species suitability, biodiversity and carbon meet in one core that delivers decision support.
Verified in the field: experts approve, crews deliver, and the system measures the result again.
Park scale
Climate Passport
The ID card of every green space: assets, risks, water and shade status, targets and intervention history. Expert approved and updated every year.
City scale
Green Adaptation Balance Sheet
Built from the passports: the whole green network of parks, street trees and corridors, with baseline, targets and measured progress.
How it works
From measurement to decision, from field to verification.
YEKOS is not a one-off inventory but a living system that keeps urban green data up to date and re-measures its own results.
YEKOSOne core, closed loop
1
Data capture
Field app, drones and existing records.
2
Smart assets and digital twin
Every green asset as a live digital object.
3
Climate and ecosystem analysis
Water, shade, species, biodiversity, carbon.
4
Targets and decision support
Priorities and actions against city targets.
5
Expert approval and field work
Approved tasks land on the crew's phone.
6
Re-measurement
Results are measured; the twin is updated.
Zone 2 of Central Park uses 24% more water than its target; tighten the irrigation schedule.
Shade on the school route is 38% at 1 pm; reaching the target needs 620 m² of canopy.
18 trees are unsuited to the 2050 climate; 6 drought-tolerant native species are proposed.
Act first in the 3 districts at the heat-island core, where impact per cost is highest.
Under the hood
One core, from data to decision.
35+ main data layers in seven groups, seven analysis engines and seven outputs run in one core on open standards. Every green asset is an object; every result is stored with its source, method and version.
Data groups
Climate & weatherRemote sensingTerrain & waterSoil & land coverUrban fabricField & droneRecords & plants
↓
Analysis engines
Heat islandShadeWater demandSpecies fitBiodiversityCarbonStormwater
↓
Outputs
Climate PassportBalance SheetRecommendationsField tasksLocal action plansNDC reportingOpen API
Show the 35 main data layersThe list grows with each city’s data
Climate & weather5
- ERA5-Land hourly climate data
- CMIP6 projections (15 models)
- Weather station records
- Rainfall intensity–duration–frequency curves
- Drought indices (SPEI)
Remote sensing5
- Sentinel-2 vegetation index (NDVI)
- Landsat land surface temperature
- Urban tree canopy maps
- High-resolution orthophoto
- Sentinel-1 radar: moisture and water
Terrain & water5
- Digital elevation model (DEM)
- Slope and aspect
- Flow direction and accumulation
- Streams and drainage network
- LiDAR point cloud (where available)
Soil & land cover5
- Soil texture and permeability
- Soil depth and organic matter
- Land cover (CORINE, ESA WorldCover)
- Impervious surface share
- Protected area and habitat maps
Urban fabric5
- Building footprints and heights
- Street and walking network (OpenStreetMap)
- Population density and vulnerable groups
- Footfall and use intensity
- Zoning and cadastre
Field & drone5
- Mobile field records and photos
- Drone orthophoto and point cloud
- Tree metrics: height, trunk, canopy
- Plant health observations
- Post-delivery measurements
Records & plants5
- Project records: CAD, GIS, spreadsheets
- Irrigation meters and water use
- Maintenance and intervention history
- Plant database: water need and winter hardiness
- Flowering calendar and pollinator links
These are the main layers; open datasets are combined with the institution’s own records and new layers are added as each city needs. Model coefficients, decision rules and the YEKOS plant database are proprietary; details are shared with pilot partners under a confidentiality agreement.
7analysis engines
35+main data layers · 7 groups
20+modules
5shared indicators
15CMIP6 climate models
700+plant species
YEKOS SDK · object-based data modelSample usage · illustrative
GET /v1/assets/A-024{ "id": "A-024", "type": "tree", "species": "Platanus orientalis", "passport": "P-014", "canopy_m2": 78, "co2_kg_per_year": 42, "water_need": "medium", "climate_fit_2050": "suitable", "verified_by": "expert", "updated": "2026-09-14"}from yekos import Core, Scenariocity = Core.connect("sample-city") # on-premise serverpark = city.passports.get("P-014") # Climate Passportresult = park.simulate( Scenario.ssp("SSP5-8.5", year=2050), engines=["water", "shade", "species", "carbon", "stormwater"],)for action in result.recommendations(top=3): print(action.title, action.gain, action.confidence)Open standards
Connects to existing GIS through GeoJSON and OGC services.
On-premise deployment
Data stays on the institution's own servers.
Versioned, auditable results
Every result is stored with its source, method and version.
AI with expert approval
Every recommendation carries a confidence level and an approval record.
Platform preview
Every municipal team, one dataset, shared targets.
Parks departments, climate units, field crews and management work on the same screen.
GREEN X-RAY · 3DSample City Digital Green X-rayA 3D city from existing data in seconds
Plant clusters · tap to highlight
FIELD AND VERIFICATION · DRONECentral Park Drone SurveyOrthophoto from above, a smart pass between trees
Data produced · Central Park, 126 trees
Orthophoto mosaicAn up-to-date aerial image
3D point cloudTerrain, structure and plant height
Geo-referenced tree inventorySpecies, height, canopy, location
Climate Passport
The ID card of every green space: assets, risks, water and shade status, targets and intervention history. Updated every year.
- Asset and risk summary
- Water performance and irrigation zones
- Shade gap and plant health
Operations map
All green assets, risk areas and open tasks on one map, with tasks ranked by risk and target.
- Parks by risk status
- Priority task list
- Task assignment to crews
Intervention scenario
Compares the water, shade, carbon and cost impact of interventions such as irrigation, plant health, pollinator strips and rainwater before delivery, then sends them for expert approval.
- Baseline versus scenario
- Care and health interventions
- Expert approval
Green Adaptation Balance Sheet
Generated automatically from the passports: the city's baseline, target pathway, measured progress and reporting outputs.
- Target pathway
- Neighbourhood breakdown
- Climate action plan and NDC outputs
Green X-ray · 3D
The city's existing building, green space and tree data rise into 3D in seconds. Plants are clustered by species, health, water and climate fit; the city is coloured like an X-ray, so problem clusters stand out at a glance.
- Automatic 3D city from existing data
- X-ray view by cluster
- Drag to rotate, tap a cluster
Analysis engines
Data comes together in one core and flows into the analysis engines like signals: heat island, shade, water, species fit, biodiversity, carbon, stormwater and flooding. Each engine maps the city, and the results combine into priorities in decision support.
- One core, seven engines
- Every engine maps the city
- Priorities in decision support
Field · Drone
Drones, the mobile field app and import of existing inventories work together to digitise your city's green assets in the shortest time. The drone records every tree's species, height, canopy and coordinates through an orthophoto pass and a smart low flight between trees; records reach the Climate Passport after expert approval.
- Drone: orthophoto and smart flight
- Mobile field app
- Existing inventory import
Screens are representative: simplified views and sample data are used to protect intellectual property.
System architecture
Five layers, 20+ modules, one core.
Data enters at the bottom, gains value at every layer and leaves the top as decisions and reports. Each module delivers value on its own; all share one core and one data model. Every municipality and country runs YEKOS on its own servers: data stays home, indicators are shared.
05Reporting and portal3 modules
Municipal portalA shared workspace for every department
National managementMonitoring at ministry and national level
Integration, API and securityOpen standards, access control and audit
04Decision and field4 modules
Targets and scenariosCity targets and what-if scenarios
Decision support and prioritiesRanked, explained recommendations
Tasks and maintenanceCrew tasks and maintenance calendar
Nursery and procurementThe right species in the right numbers
03Analysis engines7 modules
KURASWater, irrigation and climate suitabilityLive
Future climate suitabilitySpecies fit for 2050–2100
Heat and shadeHeat islands and shade gaps
CarbonStock and annual uptake
BiodiversityPollinator and habitat continuity
Plant health and riskDie-back, disease and failure risk
Stormwater and floodingWater retention in heavy rain
02Living city model2 modules
Digital twin and inventoryEvery green asset as an object
Map workspaceA layered, shared map
01Data capture4 modules
Drone data processingOrthophoto, species and canopy
Mobile field appA tree recorded in seconds
Project importCAD, GIS and spreadsheet records
AI species recognitionSpecies suggested from a photo
Indicators flow upward
ParkClimate Passport
CityBalance Sheet
CountryNational dashboard · NDC
Across countriesShared indicator set
YEKOS module · live
KURAS: the water and climate suitability module of YEKOS
KURAS is the water and climate suitability module of YEKOS. Inside YEKOS it works on the city's own inventory: it calculates location-specific water demand, winter hardiness and 2050–2100 climate suitability for every tree and plant, and feeds the results into irrigation zones, species recommendations, the Climate Passport and the Green Adaptation Balance Sheet. A public version of the module already runs at kurakcilanaliz.com.
What KURAS reveals
Same plant, different provincesOlive Olea europaea
Very lowLowMediumHighVery high
Local water demandVery low
Winter hardinessWinter-safe
Although olive is considered drought-tolerant, its water demand and winter hardiness vary markedly between provinces; a single guideline class is not enough for site-specific decisions.
Outlook for a “medium” water-class plant1991–2020
Very lowLowMediumHighVery high
Distribution across 81 provinces. Under high emissions, the number of provinces where this plant needs high water rises from 16 to 41 by 2100.
Source: KURAS · Gilik & Yılmaz (2026), preprint. Province centres; median of 15 CMIP6 models.
Decision-support outputs
- 01Water demand
“This species needs high water here; move it to irrigation zone 3.”
- 02Winter and future climate
“Winter risk under the 2050 climate; these species fit instead.”
- 03Referenced report
A location-specific suitability report for every species (PDF and Excel).
Where it flows inside YEKOS
Try the public version · kurakcilanaliz.com
KURASIrrigation zonesSpecies recommendationsClimate PassportBalance Sheet
700+plants with water and winter data
81provinces, any point on the map
15CMIP6 models · 2050 and 2100
FAO-56the international water demand method
For Türkiye: As drought and water stress grow, putting the right plant in the right place is the fastest way to save water. KURAS makes this check for every location with local climate data; national guidance expects these strategies to cut water use by 20–50%.
ERA5 climate data, the FAO-56 method and 15 CMIP6 models; built on global datasets, so it adapts to any country.
Preprints (Gilik & Yılmaz, 2026): doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23436244 · doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23436246Sample city scenario
What changes in a sample city in five years?
A YEKOS scenario for an illustrative city with 1,000 hectares of irrigated green space. The counters show how the gains build up from 2026 to 2030.
Water saved
0m³
≈ 2,900 Olympic pools
Extra carbon uptake
0t CO₂
Over five years; ≈400 t a year at maturity
New trees with a digital twin
0trees
With species, water and climate fit
Walkways planted for shade
0km
Routes with the largest shade gap
Replantings avoided
0plants
Early losses from 20% to 8%
Show assumptions
- Illustrative city: 1,000 hectares of irrigated urban green; current irrigation 6,000 m³/ha/yr.
- Water savings from species choice and hydrozoning: 10% in year one, 20% in year two and 30% from year three (national guidance expects 20–50%); ≈7.2 million m³ over five years.
- 4,000 new trees a year, 20,000 over five years; ≈10 kg CO₂ uptake per young tree per year. At maturity, ≈20 kg CO₂ per tree gives ≈400 t a year.
- Planting along 35 km of walkways with a shade gap; early losses after planting fall from 20% to 8%.
- An Olympic pool is taken as 2,500 m³. Values are illustrative; real targets are set from the pilot baseline.
Frameworks it servesGlobalParis Agreement · NDCsGlobalGlobal Goal on AdaptationTürkiyeClimate Law No. 7552 · local action plansEuropeEU Nature Restoration Regulation 2024/1991LocalCovenant of Mayors · SECAPs
People and professions
YEKOS does not replace experts. It amplifies them.
Nature-based solutions are among the strongest answers to the climate crisis. By making their impact measurable, YEKOS puts landscape architecture and related professions at the heart of resilient cities.
Nature
- 01Nature-based solutions
- 02Landscape and ecological expertise
- 03Field experience
Software
- 01Satellite, sensor and field data
- 02Climate and ecosystem models
- 03Decision-support outputs
YEKOS brings both together in one shared intelligence: expertise becomes measurable with data, and data gains meaning through experts.
Experts have the final say
The system proposes; design and decisions belong to the landscape architect. Every recommendation is approved by an expert and recorded under their name.
The value of green becomes visible
Once the cooling, water and carbon benefits of trees are measured, green space stops being a cost line; it is reported as a climate investment and earns its share of the budget.
New jobs emerge
Inventory, drone surveys, Climate Passport preparation, monitoring and verification create new roles dedicated to green infrastructure.
More time for design
Repetitive measuring and calculating is automated, so experts can spend their time on design and in the field, where their expertise matters most.
Professions that grow stronger together
Landscape architecture
Agricultural and forest engineering
Urban and regional planning
Surveying and geomatics
Ecology and biology
Meteorology and climate science
Data science
Field and maintenance crews
COP31 · Antalya · 9–20 November 2026
A tool for the implementation COP.
COP31 puts the focus on turning climate targets into results on the ground. That is exactly what YEKOS does: it makes the climate contribution of urban green measurable, comparable and reportable.
01
A shared indicator set
An open framework of urban green indicators for water, shade, plant survival, biodiversity and carbon.
02
First cities
YEKOS in the first cities after COP31, with an inventory and the first Climate Passports by month five.
03
Country to country
The common core adapted to other countries with local data packages, with comparable results.
YEKOS at COP31 · [date · time · venue]
24-month roadmapFirst pilot outputs: month 5
1
Months 0–2
Pilot and common method
2
Months 2–5
Inventory and first passports
3
Months 5–9
Climate risk analysis
4
Months 9–15
Expert-approved delivery
5
Months 15–24
Validation and scale-up
Partnerships
Let's scale YEKOS together.
To deliver measurable results in cities, we are open to partnerships in four areas.
Municipalities
Pilot city partnership
Be one of the first cities to measure its green infrastructure.
What you gain
- Green space inventory and Climate Passports
- Measurable savings on water and maintenance
- Ready indicators for climate action plans and SECAPs
What you bring
- Project and inventory records
- A pilot area and field crew
Private sector
Technology and delivery partnership
Become the technology partner of measurable nature-based solutions.
What you gain
- An early position in urban adaptation
- Measurable nature-based solution projects
- Verified data for sustainability reporting
What you bring
- Drone, sensor and cloud infrastructure
- Field delivery and pilot funding
Academia
Scientific validation partnership
Let's validate the methods together on real city data.
What you gain
- Research on real city data
- Joint publications and grant proposals
- Student theses and fieldwork
What you bring
- Method and model validation
- Field measurement and calibration
Public and international bodies
National scale and funding partnership
Let's build shared indicators together, from city to national reporting.
What you gain
- Shared indicators from city to national reporting
- Verifiable data for NDCs and adaptation goals
- Results comparable across countries
What you bring
- Pilot programmes and funding
- Policy frameworks and network access
How we start
- 01
Introductory call
We discuss your needs and the data you already have.
- 02
Pilot area and data
A park or neighbourhood is chosen and existing records are imported.
- 03
First outputs
Target: inventory and the first Climate Passports by month five.
Contact
Let's talk YEKOS.
Write to us to discuss YEKOS for your city, your organisation or at COP31.